Research Progress on Ultrasonic Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes

针对碳纳米管(CNT)在复合材料应用中面临分散不均、易团聚的问题，其分散性提升已成为材料科学领域的研究热点。本文系统综述了近年来碳纳米管分散技术的研究进展。首先，分析了物理分散法中球磨处理的技术原理、分散效果及存在的局限性；其次，探讨了共价化学修饰与非共价化学修饰两类化学方法的分散，并评述了不同修饰策略对材料性能的影响规律；进而，详细阐述了超声分散技术的作用机理及其在碳纳米管分散中的优化应用。基于现有研究，本文展望了未来方向，建议通过多尺度表征技术深入解析分散机制，开发绿色高效的分散新方法，并拓展碳纳米管在新能源、电子器件、航空航天等前沿领域的应用研究。 The inhomogeneous dispersion and agglomeration tendencies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in composite materials have become a key research focus in materials science. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in CNT dispersion technologies. First, the technical principles, dispersion efficacy, and limitations of ball milling in physical dispersion methods are analyzed. Subsequently, two chemical approaches—covalent chemical modification and non-covalent chemical modification—are examined, with an evaluation of how different functionalization strategies influence material properties. Furthermore, the mechanistic principles of ultrasonic dispersion technology and its optimized application for CNT dispersion are elaborated. Based on current research, future directions are proposed, including in-depth exploration of dispersion mechanisms via multiscale characterization techniques, development of green and efficient dispersion methods, and expansion of CNT applications in cutting-edge fields such as new energy, electronic devices, and aerospace.