Analysis of the results of dental implantation against the background of somatic pathology (using the example of diabetes mellitus)

The effectiveness of dental prosthetics based on dental implants was assessed in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathology. The control group consisted of patients without chronic diseases. The number of missing teeth in patients with somatic pathology was 1.7 times higher than in the control group. The production of single crowns on dental implants was carried out with the same frequency in patients with DM and HD, exceeding the rates of individuals with GIT, but significantly less often than in the control group. A similar pattern was observed in the orthopedic treatment with dental implant bridging prostheses, which were used 3 times less frequently in DM patients than in HD individuals, 2 times less frequently than in GIT patients, and 1.8 times less frequently in controls (p<0.01). Bone grafting was performed in patients with DM in 46.2% of cases, with HD – 36.4%, with GIT – 33.3%, compared to 41.7% in the group of individuals without somatic pathology (p<0.01). Complications were observed in half of the DM patients 46.2%, which is 2.3 times higher than the comparator group 20.0%. Performing bone grafting on patients young and middle-aged with aggravated somatic status were accompanied by early complications, late – occurred only in patients with DM (15.4%) and HD (9.1%). The period of osseointegration in patients with somatic pathology increases to 5-6 months compared to the indicators of the control group – 4.3± 0.3 months (p˂0.001). All subjects had a favorable outcome of dental implantation at long-term follow-up.