Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a newborn

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid disorder with a variable clinical presentation, based on the activation of the MEK-ERK signaling pathway in dendritic cell precursors. The localization of pathological lesions varies: the most common sites include the skeleton, skin, posterior pituitary gland, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and central nervous system [2]. This article presents a clinical case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a newborn delivered at the Perinatal Center of the M.E. Nikolaev Republican Hospital No. 1-NCM. At birth, the child exhibited characteristic skin lesions in the form of a bumpy, dark cherry-colored rash on the scalp, fingers, and toes, with some areas showing light inclusions and a firm texture. Over time, with treatment, the pustules and vesicles ruptured, forming ulcers, crusts, and hemorrhages. The stages of diagnosis, including histological and immunohistochemical studies (CD1a+, Langerin+, S100+), differential diagnosis, and a comprehensive treatment approach, are described in detail. Special attention is given to the challenges of diagnosing newborns and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration.