Optimization of Somatic Embryo Induction and Nodulation in Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Using Carbohydrate Sources and Growth Regulators

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a horticultural plant with various beneficial properties from all parts of the plant.However, its cultivation faces several challenges, necessitating the development of efficient propagation techniques.One promising method is the induction of somatic embryos and nodulation.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of honey and sucrose in combination with the growth regulators 2,4-D and BAP on somatic embryo induction and nodulation in mangosteen, determine the optimal treatment concentration, and assess the phases of somatic embryo development and nodular bud formation.The experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, from September 2022 to February 2023, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatment combinations and four replications.The results showed that all treatments had significant effects (p < 0.05) on the percentage of embryogenic callus, the number of globular-phase somatic embryos, nodules, and nodular buds per explant.The treatment using 5% sucrose + 1 mg L 2,4-D + 3 mg L BAP produced the best results, inducing 29 globular, 4 heart-shaped, and 1 torpedo-stage somatic embryo, along with 30.21 nodules and 3.96 nodular buds per explant.These findings provide a promising protocol for efficient in vitro regeneration of mangosteen, which could support large-scale propagation and conservation efforts.