Research Progress in the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis with Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers

脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, SA-AKI)是临床上常见的危重症，其发病机制复杂，常面临预后不良风险，严重威胁患者生命。现有临床治疗手段存在诸多局限性。近年来，中医药在脓毒症及其并发症的防治中展现出独特的优势，尤其是在改善肾功能、降低病死率方面具有巨大潜力。中药单体通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、保护肾脏组织、改善肾脏微循环等作用，从而减轻SA-AKI的病理损伤。本综述旨在阐述中药单体治疗SA-AKI的药理机制和临床疗效，为进一步深入研究和临床应用提供参考。Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a common critical illness in clinical practice, with complex pathogenesis, poor prognosis and serious threat to patients’ lives. There are many limitations to existing clinical treatments. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and its complications, especially in improving renal function and reducing mortality rate. TCM monomers alleviate the pathological damage of SA-AKI through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, protection of kidney tissue, and improvement of renal microcirculation. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of SA-AKI, and to provide a reference for further in-depth research and clinical application.