Multi-hazard geotechnical reliability mapping along the san andreas fault zone: a data-driven framework

''This study presents a spatially integrated methodology for assessing geotechnical reliability in a multi-hazard context, with a case application along the San Andreas Fault Zone (SAFZ) in California. A Composite Reliability Index (CRI) was developed by integrating DEM-derived terrain attributes, 3D lithologic clustering, soil taxonomy, and peak ground velocity (PGV) data into a unified, normalized framework. Weighted overlay analysis was employed, with suitability scores derived from seismic, geotechnical, and geomorphological principles, supporting compatibility with ASCE 7 [13] and FEMA seismic guidelines [14]. The resulting CRI surface delineates zones of varying geotechnical resilience, identifying areas of high stability suitable for infrastructure development and regions warranting caution due to compounded seismic and geological risks. Spatial validation through correlation with established urban centers and reliability index (β) mapping reinforces the practical applicability of the framework for preliminary site screening and regional resilience planning in faulted, data-constrained terrains.''