Building sustainable businesses: How education, digitalization, and collaboration drive long-term success

Sustainable business practices are essential in today's global context. This study examines how entrepreneurship education, digital skills, and team collaboration affect business sustainability in Indonesian MSMEs, with stakeholder satisfaction as a mediator and government policy as a moderator. Using PLS-SEM with data from 142 MSMEs, results show team collaboration has the strongest direct effect, followed by entrepreneurship education and digital skills. Stakeholder satisfaction plays a key mediating role. Government policy supports entrepreneurship and digital skills but does not significantly influence team collaboration directly (0.046). However, it may affect collaboration indirectly through supportive programs. The model's explanatory power (R 2 = 0.675) is moderately strong, aligning with similar studies in emerging markets. The findings offer guidance for businesses and policymakers: prioritize stakeholder engagement, digital adoption, and capacity-building. Future research should consider longitudinal methods and sector-specific strategies to deepen the understanding of sustainability outcomes.