A BRIEF RЕVIEW OF TRITICALE (Х TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK) IN THE WORLD AND IN BULGARIA (OVERVIEW)

Over the last 20 years, triticale areas in the world have been growing.On average, over 20 years, the area with triticale in the world is 3.4 million hectares.Most (83%) of triticale areas in the world are registered in Europe.The world leader in production areas with triticale is Poland.Second is Belarus, and third is Germany.Most of the arable land occupies triticale in Poland (12,988%), followed by Belarus (8,789%) and Luxembourg (7,434%).The beginning of the second decade of the 21st century marks a steady growth of the triticale areas in Bulgaria.The absolute maximum of the triticale areas in Bulgaria is registered in 2014 -18907 ha.An average of 25 years triticale occupies 0.263% of the country's arable land area.The average yield of triticale grain in the world is 3,635 t/ha, with Europe's grain yield of triticale being higher by an average of 8% compared to the world average.The highest average yields in recent years are recorded in Chile (6,066 t/ha) and Germany (6,052 t/ha).The lowest average annual yields of triticale are over 1 t/ha obtained in Portugal, Kyrgyzstan, China, Tunisia and Australia.The average yields of triticale grain in Bulgaria are variable, especially during the first years since official statistics on culture.Since the beginning of the 21st century the average annual yields stabilized between 2,453 t/ha and 3,193 t/ha.The grain yield is positive, indicating that there is a proven increase in average yields for triticale grain.