EXPERIENCE OF THE FUNCTIONING OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE OF UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХХ-TH – FIRST HALF OF THE ХХІ-ST CENTURY

The article presents an analysis of the evolution and specifics of the functioning of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere of Ukraine, covering the period from the second half of the 20th century to the first half of the 21st century. The author justifies the relevance of the study by the need for a deep understanding of historical experience for the formation of modern cultural policy, the identification of constructive and destructive models of managing cultural processes in conditions of radical social changes - from the Soviet ideological system, through perestroika, to independence, market reforms and globalization. Considering the Soviet period, the author emphasizes the dualistic nature of the activities of cultural institutions, which combined a cultural and educational mission with strict ideological control of the CPSU and state bodies. The extensive, centrally managed network of institutions (cultural centers, clubs, libraries, museums, theaters, cinemas, parks, after-school institutions), their typology and focus on the propaganda of communist ideals are described in detail. The main areas of work are noted, such as cultural and educational activities, the organization of leisure, the development of folk art, as well as a short-term easing of pressure during the "thaw" period and further formalization in the era of "stagnation", with insufficient personnel and material and technical support, especially in rural areas. The period of perestroika and gaining independence is characterized by de-ideologization, the search for national identity, the transformation of cultural institutions into centers of national revival. However, these processes were accompanied by a deep economic crisis, which led to a sharp reduction in funding, degradation of the material base, outflow of personnel and forced institutions to seek ways to adapt to market conditions, in particular through commercialization and the search for extra-budgetary sources. A new regulatory framework was formed, although its effectiveness was often leveled by a lack of financial support. At the beginning of the 21st century, despite limited resources, there is a desire for stabilization and innovative development: the introduction of information and communication technologies, digitalization of funds, the creation of websites, virtual museums, interactive exhibitions, the development of the festival movement, master classes and cultural tourism. The institutional landscape is diversifying with the emergence of the non-state sector and the deepening of specialization of institutions. At the same time, the author emphasizes the preservation of systemic problems: uneven regional development of infrastructure, outdated material and technical base, human resources, as well as the challenges of globalization, which actualize the need for effective state policy to preserve and increase national cultural heritage.