Quantifying Trade from Renaissance Merchant Letters

Medieval and Early-Modern business correspondence between European companies constitutes a rich source of economic, business, and trade information in that the writ- ing of letters was the very instrument through which merchants ordered and organized the shipments of goods, and performed financial operations. While a comprehensive analysis of such material enables scholars to re-construct the supply chains and sales of various goods, as well as identify the trading networks in the Europe, much of the archival sources have not undergone any systematic and quantitative analysis. In this paper we develop a new holistic and quantitative approach for analysing the entire outgoing, and so far unexploited, correspondence of a major Renaissance merchant- bank - the Saminiati & Guasconi company of Florence - for the first years of its activity. After digitization of the letters, we employ an AI-based HTR model on the Transkribus platform and perform an automated-text analysis over the HTR-model’s output. For each letter (6,376 epistles) this results in the identification of the ad- dressee (446 merchants), their place of residence (65 towns), and the traded goods (27 main goods). The approach developed arguably provides a best-practice methodology for the quantitative treatment of medieval and early-modern merchant letters and the use of the derived historical text as data.