Research Progress and Challenges in Wireless Charging Technology for Electric Vehicles: System Optimization, Energy Management, and Standardization Trends

Under the double pressure of environment and energy, electric vehicles have become the key to energy saving, emission reduction and green traveling. However, the wired charging technology of electric vehicles has great limitations in terms of safety and convenience. In contrast, wireless charging technology has become a research hotspot due to its high efficiency and convenience. Therefore, this paper focuses on the in-depth study of magnetic coupling resonant wireless charging technology. The existing magnetically coupled resonant wireless charging system has problems such as low efficiency and sensitivity to alignment error, which limits its large-scale application and promotion. This study aims to optimize and improve the efficiency and stability of magnetically coupled resonant wireless charging system. This study adopts the literature research method and case study method to systematically sort out the theoretical foundation and development status of magnetic coupling resonance technology. And a design method based on multi-objective optimization is proposed. The results show that the optimized coil structure can improve the system efficiency to more than 92% and significantly reduce the sensitivity to alignment error. By introducing an adaptive resonant frequency adjustment mechanism, the system can maintain efficient operation at different transmission distances. The study provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimal design of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless charging system, which promotes the practicalization of the wireless charging technology for electric vehicles as well as provides a reference for the technological development and standardization in related fields.