From bulb development to postharvest treatments: advances in <i>Hippeastrum</i> spp. research and industry applications

<italic>Hippeastrum</italic> spp., renowned as highly sought-after perennial bulbous flowers, have gained increasing popularity in landscape gardening and festive markets due to their unique ornamental value. However, the high cost of bulbs and the lack of advanced techniques for regulating bulb development pose significant challenges to their industrialization. This review synthesizes recent progress in the study of <italic>Hippeastrum</italic> bulb morphology, developmental regulatory mechanisms, and postharvest treatments. It highlights the effects of factors such as light, temperature, nutrients, and phytohormones on bulb growth while also summarizing cultivation techniques and strategies for regulating bulb development. Based on current research, regulating bulb development emerges as a pivotal approach for improving bulb quality, reducing production costs, and enhancing both ornamental and medicinal potential. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for advancing the understanding of <italic>Hippeastrum</italic> bulb development and promoting its industrial-scale production, thereby fostering further research in this field.