Miliary tuberculosis and pregnancy

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a disseminated form of TB resulting from the lymphohematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Since pregnancy-related TB lacks the typical respiratory symptoms, clinicians might overlook the condition, complicating early diagnosis and treatment. This is a case of a 39-year-old multigravida, who presented with vaginal bleeding in the second trimester. She was admitted for tocolysis and correction of severe anemia. On the 6 th hospital day, there was a note of febrile episodes accompanied by productive cough. Chest X-ray revealed miliary spread, eventually detecting MTb on sputum GeneXpert. At 19-week age of gestation, she delivered to an abortus. Histopathology of the endometrial tissues revealed caseating granulomas, consistent with tuberculous etiology. The disease’s severity, stage of the pregnancy at the time of diagnosis, and the existence of extrapulmonary dissemination might influence the outcome of pregnancy.