The Evolution of International Mathematics Education Paradigms Theoretical Analysis from Traditional Teaching to Inquiry-Based Learning

This article examines the evolution of international mathematics education paradigms, focusing on the shift from traditional teacher-centered methods to inquiry-based learning. Traditional teaching, emphasizing rote memorization and passive learning, has been critiqued for limiting student engagement and critical thinking. In contrast, inquiry-based learning promotes a student-centered approach, encouraging active exploration, problem-solving, and deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. The paper explores the historical context, influencing factors such as technological advancements and educational theories, and the challenges and benefits associated with both teaching methods. It also highlights future trends in mathematics education, including the integration of digital tools and blended learning. Finally, the article offers policy recommendations to promote the transition towards inquiry-based learning, including investments in teacher training, equitable resource distribution, and curriculum reforms to foster critical thinking and real-world problem-solving skills.