Outline, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy of PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common stress-related mental disorder that can occur after experiencing a traumatic event. In this review, I first summarize the concept, diagnosis, and epidemiology of PTSD. In diagnosing PTSD, it is important to ascertain traumatic events based on official diagnostic criteria. Then, the standard pharmacotherapy for PTSD is outlined by referring to the well-established evidence and treatment guidelines. There is currently a dearth of pharmacological treatment options for PTSD, with only two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i.e., paroxetine and sertraline) being approved and covered by insurance, while trauma-focused psychotherapy such as prolonged exposure therapy is known to be highly effective and recommended as the first-line treatment for PTSD in several international guidelines. Still, there are many cases in which pharmacotherapy is important, such as in patients who are severely ill and those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Since pharmacotherapy can be readily implemented in everyday practice, it is hoped that more effective medications that target the mechanisms underlying PTSD are developed and individuals with this disorder can enjoy the benefits of medical treatment. In addition, healthy lifestyles and dietary habits may also be beneficial for individuals with PTSD.