The effect of phosphorus fertilizer types and varieties on growth and yield of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The field experiment was carried out during autumn growing season (2023) in Daquq district / Kirkuk governorate located in north-eastern Iraq at a latitude 35.28°N, and a longitude of 23.44°E. The study aimed to compare the effect of conventional and nano phosphorus fertilizer on the growth and yield of Sorghum varieties. The study established according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) in split plots system, the main plots include three levels of conventional and nano phosphorus fertilizer as a first factor (100kg ha-1 conventional phosphorus, 5kg ha-1 nano-phosphorus and 10kg ha-1 nano- phosphorus). This was used as a ground application, where conventional phosphorus fertilizer was applied once at planting, and nano-phosphorus fertilizer was added in two doses, the first at planting and the second at flowering. The secondary plots included six genotypes of Sorghum (Bohoth, Giza, J, Enqadh, Rabih, and Lio). The results showed that:Nano phosphorus fertilizer 10kg ha-1 record high values in all studied traits except in chlorophyll index for flag leaf and grain phosphorus percentageGiza variety had significant influence in traits of (flag leaf area, total grain yield ., and grain phosphorus percentage). While J variety had significant impact in (yield efficiency). 1000 grains weight was highest for Buhouth variety The interaction between (10kg ha-1 nano phosphorus fertilizer and Giza variety) by giving the highest means in traits of flag leaf area and the total grain yield. Interaction between (10kg ha-1 nano phosphorus fertilizer and J variety) record significant values in traits, grains number per panicle and yield efficiency. While the highest 1000 grain weight recorded by the interaction between 10kg ha-1 nano phosphorus and Bohoth variety treatment. Significant ratio of phosphorous in the grains where observed in the interaction between 10kg ha-1 nano phosphorus and Lio variety.