Maxillary second premolar with three root canals: A case report

Understanding the anatomical variations in root canal systems is essential for the success of endodontic therapy. While maxillary second premolars commonly present with one or two canals, the occurrence of three canals is rare and poses diagnostic and clinical challenges. This case report describes the non-surgical root canal treatment of a maxillary second premolar with three separate canals in a 78-year-old male patient. Despite conventional radiographs not revealing unusual anatomy, careful exploration and clinical evaluation led to the detection and treatment of this rare configuration. The case emphasizes the importance of thorough radiographic assessment, magnification, and clinical vigilance in identifying atypical canal morphology. Advanced imaging and anatomical knowledge can significantly improve treatment outcomes in cases with complex root canal anatomy.