Research on Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Management Models for Large-Scale Construction Projects

随着建筑行业数字化转型的深入发展，大型建筑工程智能化系统运维管理面临效率提升与模式创新的双重挑战。本研究基于“技术–流程–价值”三维理论框架，构建了面向大型建筑工程的智能化运维管理模式。通过整合数字孪生、物联网(IoT)、建筑信息模型(BIM)和人工智能(AI)等关键技术，建立了“感知–传输–平台–应用”四层技术架构；创新性地提出“预测性维护–自主优化–协同决策”的闭环管理机制；并构建了包含设备可靠性、能效水平和空间利用率的量化评价体系。实证研究表明，该模式可实现设备平均无故障时间(MTBF)提升，能耗降低，运维响应时间缩短。研究成果为破解智能系统“能力–效能”转化瓶颈提供了理论支撑和实践路径，对推动建筑业智能化转型具有重要参考价值。With the deepening of digital transformation in the construction industry, the operation and maintenance (O&M) management of intelligent systems in large-scale construction projects faces dual challenges of efficiency improvement and model innovation. Based on the three-dimensional “technology-process-value” theoretical framework, this study constructs an intelligent O&M management model for large-scale construction projects. By integrating key technologies such as digital twin, Internet of Things (IoT), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and artificial intelligence (AI), a four-layer technical architecture of “perception-transmission-platform-application” is established. Innovatively, a closed-loop management mechanism of “predictive maintenance-autonomous optimization-collaborative decision-making” is proposed, and a quantitative evaluation system including equipment reliability, energy efficiency, and space utilization is constructed. Empirical research shows that this model can improve the mean time between failures (MTBF), reduce energy consumption, and shorten O&M response time. The research results provide theoretical support and practical pathways for breaking the “capability-efficiency” conversion bottleneck of intelligent systems, and have important reference value for promoting the intelligent transformation of the construction industry.