Troposphere - Stratosphere Dynamics and Coupling during the winter of 2024 - 2025

The winter of 2024–2025 was marked by the unusual stability of the stratospheric polar vortex, driven by a combination of factors. This persistence reflected both weakened upward wave propagation from the troposphere and stratospheric conditions—intense zonal winds acted as a barrier to vertical wave activity. Lidar measurements conducted near Akademgorodok Tomsk in February recorded exceptionally low temperatures at altitudes of 15–20 km, along with the presence of polar stratospheric clouds at these heights, highlighting the uniqueness of the atmospheric conditions. From November to January, weak Rossby wave breaking was observed in the stratosphere, while zonal circulation dominated the Eurasian troposphere. The final weakening of the SPV and the associated sudden stratospheric warming occurred in early March, triggering a sharp reorganization of stratospheric circulation.