Early-Onset Hypertension: A Lifelong Burden and the Unmet Need for Transitional Care–A Narrative Review

Early-onset hypertension (EOH) is an increasingly recognized contributor to adult cardiovascular disease, with its prevalence rising due to obesity, poor dietary patterns, and genetic predisposition.Elevated blood pressure beginning in childhood often persists into adulthood, significantly increasing the risk of target organ damage and long-term cardiovascular morbidity.This narrative review synthesizes evidence from major longitudinal cohort studies to highlight the pathophysiological progression of EOH and the challenges associated with its management, particularly during the transition from pediatric to adult care.Despite the established association between childhood hypertension and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, current healthcare systems lack structured transition protocols, leading to fragmented care and poor adherence among adolescents.The review emphasizes the urgent need for integrated transition models, early detection through school-based screening, lifestyle interventions, and enhanced provider training.Addressing these gaps is essential to mitigate the lifelong burden of EOH and improve cardiovascular outcomes across the lifespan.