Signal integrity control analysis on printed circuit board in design of high-performance computing devices

Crosstalk between different microstrip structures on printed circuit boards has been comprehensively analyzed. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) was used as the analysis method, providing an accurate simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation and, consequently, crosstalk. The frequency range covered by the modelling was up to 10 GHz. This wide range is critical for assessing the impact of crosstalk on high-speed digital and analogue circuits, where parasitic effects can significantly affect performance. Simulations revealed that microstrip lines with double protrusions reduce far end crosstalk (FEXT) by more than 35% compared to parallel lines, but increase near end crosstalk (NEXT) by more than 12%. Lines with alternating protrusions showed good results in reducing FEXT. Parallel serpentine microstrip lines reduced FEXT by more than 10 dB and NEXT by about 2 dB than other structures. The insertion loss (100 MHz – 20 GHz), FEXT, intrinsic resistance in the frequency domain and transmission in the time domain were analyzed based on inductance and capacity parameters, followed by a comparison of traces with and without protrusions. Segmentation-based method for modelling an equivalent trace pattern with trapezoid segments is developed. The proposed model is validated by means of 3D electromagnetic modelling and measurements in the frequency domain.