Quantification of passive climate response strategies in historic campus buildings under cold conditions

To explore the wisdom construction strategy of traditional historic buildings that passively respond to the environment, a field survey was conducted on the historic campus buildings located in Jinan and Beijing, two cold cities in north China. The primary research objects of this study are Bergen Hall of Shandong University and Lize Hall of Beijing Normal University. Through qualitative and quantitative research methods such as field investigation, environmental monitoring and simulation analysis, the passive strategies of these two historic buildings were studied from three perspectives: energy, economy and thermal comfort. The results showed that the passive strategies including masonry-timber structure, enclosed sloping roof, foyer at the entrance and wooden window frame could effectively enhance the building's adaptability to cold climate conditions. Consequently, the building would exhibit a superior energy consumption level and create a healthy and comfortable indoor thermal environment. This study has demonstrated that by integrating passive measures, a reduction in life-cycle building energy consumption of 45.7%–47.8% can be achieved while increasing the thermal comfort time ratio by 7.1%–7.4%. Furthermore, all passive measures can recover the initial investment within the building's life cycle, indicating economic feasibility. The results are expected to provide certain reference significance and value for quantitative research on passive strategies of traditional historic buildings and optimization of existing architectural heritage.