Analysis of Brain Network Characteristics in Adults and Adolescents with Schizophrenia Based on Electroencephalography (EEG)

精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，影响患者的思维、情感和行为。研究利用71名成年精神分裂症患者及对照组的脑电图信号和84名青少年精神分裂症患者及对照组的脑电图信号进行分析，基于定向传递函数构建了Delta、Theta、Alpha、Beta和Gamma频段的脑功能网络，通过数据预处理、网络构建、阈值选择、特征提取与分析及可视化，揭示患者与正常组脑功能网络特征差异。结果显示，在不同频段下，精神分裂症患者与正常组的脑功能网络特征存在显著差异，且成年患者与青少年患者之间也有显著差异，通过热图和圆环图的可视化结果也揭示了成年精神分裂症患者和青少年精神分裂症患者、成年精神分裂症患者和正常对照组、青少年精神分裂症患者和正常对照组在不同频段的脑网络连接模式异常，这为理解该疾病的神经机制提供了新的视角，并为临床诊断和干预提供了参考依据。Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects patients’ thinking, emotions, and behavior. This study analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 71 adult schizophrenia patients and their controls, as well as 84 adolescent schizophrenia patients and their controls. Brain functional networks in the Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma frequency bands were constructed based on the directed transfer function. Through data preprocessing, network construction, threshold selection, feature extraction, analysis, and visualization, the differences in brain functional network characteristics between patients and normal controls were revealed. The results showed significant differences in brain functional network characteristics between schizophrenia patients and normal controls across different frequency bands, as well as significant differences between adult and adolescent patients. Visualization results using heatmaps and circular graphs revealed abnormal brain network connectivity patterns in adult schizophrenia patients, adolescent schizophrenia patients, adult normal controls, and adolescent normal controls across different frequency bands. This provides new insights into the neural mechanisms of the disease and offers reference for clinical diagnosis and intervention.