Design and Analysis of THz Antenna for 6G Applications Using CSRR-Based Technology to Enhance Return Loss and Gain in HFSS

The demand for high-performance antennas in sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication has led to the exploration of terahertz (THz) frequency bands for improved efficiency. This paper presents the design and analysis of a compact THz antenna utilizing Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)-based technology to enhance return loss and gain. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS, demonstrating significant performance improvements over the initial model. At a resonant frequency of 2.28 THz, the S-parameter achieves a return loss of -31.83 dB, indicating optimal impedance matching. The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) remains within the ideal range (≤ 1.5), ensuring minimal power loss and efficient signal transmission. The radiation pattern analysis, conducted for different Theta and Phi angles at 2.8 THz, illustrates the antenna’s directional performance. Furthermore, the 3D polar plot indicates an improved total gain of 5.6 dB in the CSRR-based model compared to 1.6 dB in the initial design. A comparative analysis highlights the advantages of the CSRR implementation, showcasing substantial improvements in return loss and gain. These enhancements position the proposed antenna as a promising candidate for future 6G terahertz applications, ensuring high efficiency and reliability in next-generation wireless communication systems.