A hybrid cryptographic and steganography approach for secure IoT data transmission

Data transmission security has become a critical challenge in the age of the Internet of Things (IoT) because of the increasing threats. To enhance data security in IoT-based environments, this study introduces a hybrid cryptographic and steganographic approach. Unlike cryptography, where data is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access, steganography hides data inside innocuous media. In addition to encrypting sensitive information, the proposed method hides it from potential attackers by combining these technologies. In order to achieve superior security and scalability, a Variable Least Significant Bit (VLSB) Substitution scheme is employed along with advanced cryptographic techniques. Comparing hybrid methods to traditional methods, experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid approach significantly reduces the number of altered pixels during data embedding. Smart IoT environments benefit from this dual-layer strategy by preserving data integrity and confidentiality, making them more resilient and secure.