Modern approaches to the management of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance that begins during pregnancy and is associated with complications during pregnancy. Due to the enormous increase in the number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus in the world, there is a natural increase in the number of women of reproductive age with this disease and an increase in the number of pregnant women suffering from other types of diabetes. This is due to the peculiarities of the modern lifestyle: high-calorie diet, lack of physical activity, often leading to obesity, an exponential increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, as well as improved diagnosis of the disease. During pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus, a key role belongs to motivating patients to comply with recommendations for lifestyle and nutrition changes. Timely initiation of diabetes therapy will reduce the likelihood of complications during pregnancy and unwanted perinatal complications. The purpose — to present literature data on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the course of pregnancy, maternal and newborn outcomes, as well as methods for preventing complications during pregnancy in this population of women. Material and methods. A review of scientific papers over the past 5 years was conducted using the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines using the above keywords. For this meta-analysis, articles were used that contained experimental and clinical evidence on the most modern issues related to the effect of diabetes mellitus on the course of pregnancy. Conclusion. Based on the literature analysis, it was concluded that there are many complications associated with diabetes mellitus, and effective control of blood sugar levels and compliance with normoglycemia helps to minimize the risks of pregnancy complications.