Role of occupational therapists in intensive care units: A mixed methods research

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at a significant risk of developing complications, including ICU-acquired weakness and post intensive care syndrome (PICS) , which impede recovery to pre illness functional levels.Occupational therapy (OT) is gaining recognition for its potential to alleviate PICS symptoms by addressing physical, cognitive, and psychological challenges.However, OT remains underutilized in ICU settings, necessitating further research to establish standardized practices.This study aimed to investigate current OT practices in ICUs, identify barriers, and propose strategies for improving patient outcomes.A convergent mixed methods design was employed.Quantitative data were collected through surveys of occupational therapists (OTRs) at Showa University-affiliated hospitals to evaluate their practices and perceived effectiveness.Qualitative data were gathered via focus group interviews (FGIs) to explore OTR experiences, challenges, and their integration into multidisciplinary teams.Data analysis combined descriptive statistics with inductive thematic analysis.Quantitative findings revealed widespread implementation of cognitive, physical, and functional assessments ; however, psychological assessments and family education interventions were less frequent.OTRs with more ICU experience reported higher perceived effectiveness.Qualitative analysis identified themes, including understanding patient backgrounds, fostering autonomy, and challenges such as insufficient training and limited recognition of the OT role.Multidisciplinary integration of OT was limited but deemed essential.This study highlights the significance of standardized OT practices in ICUs to effectively address patients physical, cognitive, and psychological needs.Enhancing education, in ter dis ci pli nar y collaboration, and evidence-based approaches may improve patient recovery and alleviate PICS symptoms.