Comparative analysis of the effect of hybrid vaterite microparticles with various polysaccharides on neutrophils activity

Carriers based on natural biominerals attract much attention in the context of the development of new drug delivery systems. In this study, the effects of native (CC) and hybrid vaterite microparticles with the inclusion of dextran sulfate (CCDS), chondroitin sulfate (CCCS), heparin (CCHE), fucoidan (CCFU), and pectin (CCPE) have been investigated on the viability and functional activity of neutrophils. Among the tested preparations, only CCFU exhibited a slight cytotoxic effect. Native CC stimulated actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decreased in the presence of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase assembly. The CC-induced NADPH oxidase activation was reduced in the presence of inhibitors of non-receptor tyrosine kinases of the Src family, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C (PLC). Similar to native CC, hybrid vaterite microparticles also initiated ROS production by neutrophils. After addition of CC and hybrid vaterite microparticles (except CCDS), an increase in the number of neutrophils characterized by higher values of the side scattering value was detected thus indicating a change in the morphological characteristics of the cells. Given the ability of hybrid vaterite microparticles with polysaccharides to activate neutrophil NADPH oxidase, they could be promising systems for the delivery of antibacterial and antiviral drugs.