Menstrual Health and Hygiene: Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Women

Menstrual health and hygiene remain critical yet often overlooked aspects of women’s well-being, particularly in developing regions. This study examines the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and hygiene practices related to menstruation among girls and women aged 12–40 years from diverse socio-economic and geographical backgrounds. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 118 participants were selected from both urban and rural areas. Data collection methods included structured questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs) to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights. The findings reveal persistent gaps in menstrual education, with socio-cultural taboos and inadequate facilities significantly influencing hygiene practices. Many participants lacked formal education on menstruation, relying primarily on family members for information. Additionally, restrictive practices and stigma continue to shape attitudes toward menstruation, often leading to school absenteeism and compromised health outcomes. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions, including comprehensive menstrual health education, policy reforms, and improved access to hygiene facilities. By addressing these challenges, policymakers, educators, and health professionals can contribute to fostering positive menstrual health practices, promoting gender equality, and enhancing overall well-being.