Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Associated Mucositis with Oral and Ocular Involvement in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterial organism commonly responsible for atypical pneumonia. Beyond its respiratory manifestations, M. pneumoniae can cause a range of extrapulmonary symptoms, including mucocutaneous lesions. One rare but notable condition is M. pneumoniae-associated mucositis (MPAM), characterized by prominent mucosal inflammation (e.g., ocular, oral, and urogenital) with minimal or absent cutaneous lesions. Diagnosis is confirmed via PCR or serology for M. pneumoniae. Treatment involves macrolide antibiotics and supportive care, with corticosteroids considered in severe cases. Early recognition of MPAM is critical to avoid unnecessary investigations and to guide appropriate therapy. We report a case of a healthy 30-years-old male presenting with severe oral and ocular lesions in the absence of significant pulmonary symptoms, and with strongly positive M. pneumoniae PCR results. The patient was treated with antimicrobial therapy and had an uneventful recovery.