Impact of Emerging Contaminants on Aquatic Ecosystems: A Mini-Review

Emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and ecological toxicity. This mini-review examines their major sources, including industrial effluents, urban runoff, and landfill leachate, and highlights their detrimental impacts on aquatic biodiversity and human health. By synthesizing current research, the review emphasizes the urgent need for improved monitoring, regulatory interventions, and innovative mitigation strategies. It provides a concise overview to guide future research and inform policies aimed at safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.