Scalable Synthesis of CsPbX₃ Quantum Dot–Organic Hybrid Microrings for Low Threshold Lasing

Perovskite colloidal quantum dots (PQDs) are nanoscale crystals renowned for their exceptional optical properties, making them ideal for next-generation laser technologies. Their solution-processability supports thin-film fabrication and microcavity integration, yet micro-nano laser development remains challenging. In this study, we present a template-confined growth approach to fabricate hybrid microring (HMR) arrays, embedding PQDs within a 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) matrix. This method produces uniform structures with improved processability. Structural characterization reveals a vertically graded PQD distribution, with higher concentrations near the substrate due to accumulation during CBP's bottom-up precipitation. CBP integration enhances processability and lowers PQD density, suppressing Auger recombination. These HMRs, featuring smooth surfaces, serve as efficient whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators, achieving laser emission at a threshold of 6.64 μJ cm^-2 and a quality factor of 1808. Tunable ring dimensions enable precise mode control, while scalability supports large-area production of blue, green, and red HMRs, advancing integrated photonics.