Thermodynamic analysis of variable magnetic field intensities and locations effect under developing thermally and hydraulically flow conditions in a tube

This study investigates the effects of a variable magnetic field on thermodynamic performance during the development of thermal and hydrodynamic flow conditions in a circular tube. The focus is on energy utilization and heat transfer enhancement. The study investigated the effect of magnetic field intensity in the range of 0.01T–0.1T, with Reynolds number between 500–2000, on the thermo-hydraulic performance. In numerical analyses, the single-phase method was considered for ferrofluids whose volume concentration varied between 0.5% to 2.0%, and it was accepted as incompressible, Newtonian, and electrical conducting. The numerical simulations revealed that the highest heat transfer enhancement is achieved at x/D = 60 location and magnetic field intensity of 0.1T. The Darcy friction factor exhibits dependence on the Reynolds number and volume concentration, with negligible magnetic field effect. Optimal heat transfer efficiency is observed without a magnetic field and at a volume concentration of 2.0%. The presence of a magnetic field induces alterations in velocity and temperature profiles, leading to changes in thermo-hydraulic performance. Furthermore, the Performance Evaluation Criteria demonstrated that a decrease occurs in efficiency by increasing magnetic field intensity. As a result, it is concluded that the presence of the magnetic field at various locations does not have a systematic and regular effect on the Performance Evaluation Criteria under developing flux conditions.