The Impact of Sustainable Technologies, Urbanization, Human Capital, and Trade Openness on Load Capacity Factor: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have grown extensively due to high economic activities and environmental degradation. Therefore, the problem needs to be addressed by academia and practitioners. The presently scholarly discourse undertakes a rigorous evaluation of urbanization, human capital, trade openness, and sustainable technologies and their collective impact on load capacity factor within the economic landscape of BRICS nations. By employing CS-ARDL technique, the study in question discloses that urbanization, human capital, trade openness, sustainable technologies and industrialization positively influence load capacity factors. Findings imply that due to urbanization and industrialization, BRICS nations improve their human capital tendency and tend to show more engagement in global trade. As a result, the load capacity increases due to high demand. In addition, amalgamation of clean technologies also enhances the capacity, suggesting a synergetic effect between clean energy practices and load management. The findings suggest that when countries make tactical investments in these areas and pair it with trade policies, they can increase load capacity.