Exploring AI-Driven Personalization in Open and Distance Learning: Learner Engagement, Inclusivity, and Ethical Implementation

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has significantly transformed education by eliminating geographical and financial barriers, thereby providing diverse learners with access to quality educational opportunities.However, it continues to face persistent challenges, including low learner engagement, high dropout rates, and difficulties in addressing diverse learner needs and digital literacy gaps.This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing these challenges by enabling personalized learning pathways, fostering inclusivity, and promoting equitable access to education.Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews with 20 learners and 4 instructors during AI generative workshops.Thematic analysis identified key findings, highlighting AI's ability to enhance learning efficiency, improve access to resources, and provide inclusive solutions for learners with diverse needs, including those with disabilities.However, significant barriers remain, such as limited awareness and training, ethical concerns related to data privacy, and infrastructural limitations.Participants emphasized the importance of strategic planning, ethical implementation, and continuous capacity building for instructors to fully realize AI's transformative potential.This study provides actionable insights for leveraging AI to improve engagement, retention, and learning outcomes in ODL environments while addressing ethical and practical challenges to ensure sustainable and equitable adoption.