An Observational Study on Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Aim and background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is rising in prevalence in India.Recently, vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a "nonclassical" modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, potentially affecting CAD pathogenesis.This study aimed to evaluate serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in patients with CAD in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Materials and methods: This institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India with 110 CAD patients (ACS and SIHD) meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data collection included demographics, clinical history, laboratory tests, 2D echocardiography, and coronary angiography.Vitamin D levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method.Coronary artery disease severity was classified using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score (CASSS).Results: In this study, 44.5% of patients with CAD were found to be vitamin D deficient, 35.5% had insufficient levels, and only 20% had sufficient levels.Demographically, the cohort predominantly consisted of males (71.8%) with 80% being over the age of 50.Importantly, the study established a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and CAD severity (p < 0.05), indicating that patients with lower vitamin D levels had more advanced CAD. Conclusion:This study highlights the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CAD in Eastern India and its potential association with increased CAD severity.Clinical significance: These findings suggest the need for routine serum vitamin D assessments in CAD management.Vitamin D deficiency, as a modifiable risk factor, could be a target for future interventions to improve CAD outcomes.