Prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Isolates

A gram-positive bacteria known as staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly pathogenic pathogen that can produce a wide range of clinical symptoms. 1,2Compared to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) can produce more severe infections. 3,4 In 1969, phosphonomycin, the original name for fosfomycin, was discovered in Spain.It is effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria across a broad range.It is extremely effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, as well as pathogens like S. aureus and Enterococcus. 5 The main application for the antibacterial drug nitrofurantoin is the treatment of urinary tract infections brought on by bacteria that are sensitive.The mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin involves multiple steps.Nitrofurantoin is converted by bacterial enzymes into reactive intermediates that damage bacterial DNA and other cellular components.These intermediates react with bacterial proteins, DNA, and ribosomes, leading to the inhibition of bacterial cell growth and division.Additionally, it may interfere with bacterial enzymes involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall and cell membrane components, further contributing to its antibacterial effects. 6,7 In the current study, a total of 36 S. aureus isolated from different sites such as urine and wound samples were collected from patients in Al-Shomali General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq.All these samples were inoculated on culture media aerobically at 37C overnight.The disc diffusion method used for an antibiotic sensitivity test.After streaking the muller Hinton agar plate with an inoculum of the tested organism adjusted to standard turbidity (0.5 McFarland).Fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, and amoxiclav discs were used for antibiotic sensitivity against all isolates.Methicillin was applied to identify MRSA.In the current study, from a total of 36 S. aureus isolates, 14 (39%) were MRSA while the others were MSSA 22 (61%) (Fig. 1).Fosfomycin revealed 100% activity against all isolates followed by amoxyclav which yield 67% activity.Isolates showed 33 and 28% sensitivity to both nitrofurantoin and ceftazidime respectively (Fig. 2).