Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Potential of Lantana camara Leaf Extract against MCF-7 Cells: A Cell Morphology and MTT Assay Approach

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Lantana camara leaf extract against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay and morphological analysis. Methods: Dried leaves of Lantana camara were extracted using acetone in a Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical Screening: The crude extract was screened for secondary metabolites, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. Cell Culture and Treatment: MCF-7 cells were cultured in a 96-well plate and treated with various concentrations (50, 100, and 250 μg/mL) of the extract after 12 hours of incubation. Cytotoxicity Evaluation: Cell morphology was observed microscopically, and MTT assay was performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment to assess cytotoxicity. Results: The extract exhibited time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. Significant morphological alterations were observed at 250 μg/mL. The IC₅₀ values were determined to be 153.54 ± 0.85 μg/mL (24 h), 147.16 ± 1.13 μg/mL (48 h), and 141.98 ± 1.15 μg/mL (72 h), suggesting progressive cytotoxicity with extended exposure. Conclusion: The findings support the potential anticancer activity of Lantana camara, likely due to its rich phytochemical content. Further studies are recommended to isolate active compounds and validate their efficacy in vivo