The Effects of Radiation Exposure on Thyroid Function: A Clinical Study

Objective: To evaluate the impact of occupational radiation exposure on thyroid function among healthcare workers exposed to radioactive iodine-131 and X-rays. Method: A retrospective study of 101 participants divided into three groups: nuclear medicine workers (radioactive iodine-131 exposure), radiology workers (X-ray exposure), and controls. Thyroid hormone levels and ultrasonography results were analyzed. The mean duration of occupational exposure was approximately 10 years. Results: Nuclear medicine workers showed elevated TSH levels (30% with subclinical hypothyroidism), while radiology workers exhibited reduced thyroid volume. Controls demonstrated no thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: Occupational radiation exposure, especially to iodine-131, poses significant risks to thyroid health, underscoring the need for stringent radiation safety and regular monitoring. Keywords: Radiation exposure, thyroid function, nuclear medicine, hypothyroidism, X-rays.