Evaluating the Effect of Subsurface Drainage on Soil Properties and Maize Crop Production in Tina Plain Egypt

An experimental field was carried out at Tina plain region represented a pilot area (27 Fadden) located at the south-west part of Sinai Peninsula (Latitude of 30˚59'9.56"N and of longitude 32˚26'59.60"E). Irrigation and drainage networks served the studied pilot area. The current study investigated the impact of subsurface drainage on soil properties and crop growth under low-quality irrigation water conditions in the Tina Plain region of North Sinai. Soil samples were analyzed before and 12 years after installing a tile drainage system with 40-meter spacing and a depth of 140 cm. The results showed that subsurface drainage led to a lower water table, improved soil aeration, and better water and heat conditions, fostering a more favorable environment for biological activity and nutrient balance. These improvements protected the soil from the adverse effects of alkalinity and salinity, ultimately enhancing crop growth and production. Additionally, subsurface drainage expanded the cultivated area by eliminating the need for surface drainage canals. The findings highlight the significant role of subsurface drainage in sustaining soil health and boosting agricultural productivity.