Associations Between Violence and Psychological Distress Among Women Experiencing Homelessness: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study examines the association between violence exposure and psychological distress among women experiencing homelessness (<i>n</i> = 41). Using a cross-sectional survey design, we assessed emotional, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by both close (e.g., intimate partners, family members) and non-close (e.g., acquaintances, strangers) individuals and their impact on mental well-being. Findings indicate high levels of violence, with greater exposure linked to increased distress. Each form of violence in close relationships was independently associated with distress, highlighting its broad health consequences. Addressing the significant burden of violence among women experiencing homelessness requires both healthcare recognition and structural interventions. Comprehensive, trauma-informed approaches are essential to mitigate the impact of violence on psychological well-being.