Altitude influence on fruit quality characteristics of wild blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus l.) from mt. Golija

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, phytochemical, and sensory characteristics of wild blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) harvested from two locations at different altitudes (Glibovac – 1,200 m and Crepuljnik – 1,400 m) on Mt. Golija in southwestern Serbia. The physical parameters measured included fruit weight, height, and width. Chemical analyses encompassed soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, and sugar composition. Phytochemical properties, such as total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay), were assessed. In addition, sensory evaluation was conducted by a panel of four trained assessors. The results indicated significant differences in all physical parameters, with larger fruit dimensions recorded at the higher altitude. Fruits from Glibovac had a higher soluble solids content, total sugars, and total phenolics, while anthocyanin content was slightly higher in fruits from Crepuljnik. No significant differences were observed in antioxidant capacity. Sensory analysis showed a significantly higher visual appeal and overall sensory score for berries from Crepuljnik, although other attributes such as taste, aroma, and texture did not differ notably between the two sites. These findings suggest that altitude and environmental conditions can significantly influence the quality and bioactive composition of wild blueberries, offering valuable insights for their use in the food and functional product industries.