Integrated innovation and application of green high-yield and high-efficiency technologies of rice in China

China’s high rice yield is primarily achieved through intensive fertilizer application and substantial water resource consumption, which has resulted in significant environmental risks. There is an urgent need to develop innovative green technologies that simultaneously ensure high yield and production efficiency to achievesustainable rice production. This paper systematically analyzes both nationwide challenges and region-specific constraints affecting rice production. The proposed solutions focus on three key innovations: constructing high-yield populations, coupling aboveground and belowground, and improving soil fertility. Implementation of these green high-yield and high-efficiency technologies demonstrates potential to maintain or increase yields while achieving three critical improvements: enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, reduced irrigation water consumption and decreased greenhouse gas emissions. To facilitate large-scale adoption, priority should be given to developing rice-related products, integrating rice-upland rotating system and establishing localized implementation models based on these technological innovations.