Effects of phantom shocks on anxiety levels, coping skills and sleep quality in patients with implantable cardioverter/defibrillators

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of phantom shocks on anxiety levels, coping skills, and sleep quality in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Specifically, it examined the relationship between phantom shocks and these psychological variables by comparing ICD recipients who had experienced phantom shocks with those who had not. Methods: This observational study included 66 patients with ICDs, divided into two groups: those who had experienced phantom shocks (PS+) and those who had not (PS-). An additional control group of 66 participants without heart failure or ICD implantation was also included. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Florida Shock Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software to compare psychological outcomes across the groups. Results: Patients in the PS+ group demonstrated significantly poorer sleep quality, higher levels of general anxiety, and greater ICD-related anxiety compared to the PS- group. Furthermore, the PS+ group had a significantly higher prevalence of prior psychiatric diagnoses, including anxiety and depression, compared to both the PS- and control groups. The control group reported the best sleep quality and the lowest anxiety levels overall. Conclusion: Phantom shocks are associated with impaired sleep quality, elevated anxiety, and increased ICD-related distress in patients with ICDs. These findings underscore the psychological burden faced by ICD recipients, particularly those experiencing phantom shocks. A multidisciplinary approach addressing both physical and psychological aspects is crucial for enhancing the overall well-being of these patients.