Waste material in construction projects: Analyzing cost, schedule, and environmental impacts

The construction industry is a major contributor to waste generation, leading to increased project costs, schedule delays, and negative environmental impacts. This study examines the causes and effects of waste material in construction projects, focusing on project planning, material quality, and storage practices as critical factors impacting cost overruns, project delays, and environmental sustainability. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this research analyzes the relationships between waste-related factors and their direct impacts on project performance. Data were gathered from 141 respondents working on various PT XYZ projects, with validation from 12 industry experts. Findings reveal that deficiencies in project planning and poor material quality are primary contributors to waste, leading to substantial cost increases, timeline extensions, and environmental harm. Additionally, inadequate storage practices exacerbate waste issues by causing material damage, loss, and higher disposal costs. The study recommends that construction project managers implement comprehensive planning, enforce strict quality standards, and optimize storage management to effectively reduce waste. These insights provide practical guidance for improving cost control, ensuring timely project completion, and advancing sustainable practices within the construction sector, ultimately promoting a more efficient and environmentally responsible approach to project management.