On two types of volitional modal particles in Chinese dialects

摘要: 汉语方言中有一类用于意志句(包括祈使句和意愿句)句末、增强语力的 意志语气词。意志语气词一部分由用于句末的复指代词变来，如"他(它)" "渠(佢)""伊"；一部分来源于"去""来"义趋向动词，如"去""来"。 复指代词和趋向动词"去/来"语法化为意志语气词的句法环境是用于意 志句句末。"他语"和"去语"的句法分布大体相同，而与"来语"相距较 远。"他语"和"去语"的语力强度往往要高于"来语"。意志语气词句法分 布的差异导致了语力强度的不同，而分布又与它们虚化之前的语义等因 素有关。"他语"类和"去语/来语"类在地域上大体呈互补分布，这种分布 格局跟 SOV 语序的倾向性由北至南逐渐减弱有关。 ABSTRACT: In Chinese dialects, there is a kind of volitional modal particles used at the end of volitional sentences (including imperative sentences and volitional sentences) to enhance language force. Volitional modal particles are partly derived from the resumptive pronouns used at the end of the sentence such as "ta 他/它", "qu 渠/佢" and "yi 伊" while part of them come from the directional verbs meaning "go" and "come" like "qu 去" and "lai 来". The syntactic context in which the resumptive pronoun and the directional verbs "qu 去/lai 来" grammaticalize into volitional modal particles is used at the end of volitional sentences. The syntactic distribution of "ta <modal particle>他语" and "qu <modal particle>去语" is roughly the same, but far from "lai <modal particle>来语". The intensity of "ta <modal particle>他语" and "qu <modal particle>去语" is usually higher than that of "lai <modal particle>来语" in language force. The difference in syntactic distribution of volitional modal particles leads to the difference in the intensity of language force, and the distribution is related to the semantic factors before they are grammaticalized. The categories of "ta <modal particle>他语" and "qu <modal particle> 去 语"/ "lai <modal particle> 来 语" are generally complementary in geographical distribution. This distribution pattern is related to the weakening tendency of SOV word order from north to south.