Co-Production as Solo-Venture: Blazing Sand and the Unlikely Story of Raphael Nussbaum

ABSTRACT: This article examines the production and reception of Raphael Nussbaum's Blazing Sand (1960), which was the first Israeli-German cinematic co-production. Drawing on extensive archival research from both countries, we analyze the complex layers of the film's production history and its multiple effects, highlighting the distinct roles it played in two different cultural contexts. Nussbaum, who had roots in both German and Israeli culture, acted as an intermediary, and created two versions of a film, tailored to resonate with audiences in each respective country. While Blazing Sand enjoyed moderate success in Germany, appealing to audiences with its adventurous portrayal of Middle Eastern landscapes, the film generated considerable controversy in Israel, leading to public debates that ultimately fueled its popularity. The significance of Blazing Sand goes beyond its historical position as a pioneering project of Israeli-German collaboration. It serves as a case study in the nuances of international film production and distribution, shedding light on the intricate ways cinematic works both influence and reflect cultural perceptions and relations.