MODO ET CONSUETUDINE ARMENORUM: АРМЕНСКАТА ЕТНО-РЕЛИГИОЗНА ОБЩНОСТ И ПРИВИЛЕГИИТЕ ПРЕДОСТАВЕНИ Ѝ ОТ ПОЛСКИЯ КРАЛ КАЗИМИР III (1333–1370)

The article examines the concept of ethnicity and its application to the development of medieval societies as well as the relationship between ethnic processes and the law in the Middle Ages. The principal research objectives are the privileges granted by King Casimir (1333-1370) to the Armenian ethnoreligious community in 1350, 1356 and 1367. Attention is given to the settlement of Armenians in the lands of the kingdom of Poland; the foreign policy of Casimir III; the development of the Polish legal system and the importance of the Armenian Datastanagirk and the legal corpora of Sempad Sparapet and Mkhitar Gosh. The role of law and law in the study of the formation and preservation of ethnicity is also taken into consideration. The role of the privileges is assessed as an indicator of how the Polish monarchy attempted to regulate relations between different ethnic groups, as well as a legal recognition of Armenian ethnic, religious and cultural identity. The study contributes to a better understanding of the question of how medieval societies identify themselves in ethnic and religious context, and how these identifications affected relationships between different cultures and individuals. Библиография: Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego. Wyd. staraniem Galicyjskiego Wydziału Krajowego.T.3. Lwów: Księgarnia Seyfartha i Czajkowskiego, 1872. Bartlett, Robert. “Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 31 (2001): 39–56. Bartlett, Robert. The Making of Europe. Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950–1350. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Bedos-Rezak, Brigitte. “Medieval Identity: A Sign and a Concept.” The American Historical Review 105, No. 5 (2000): 1489–1533. Grabowski, Tomasz. Studia nad statutami Kazimierza Wielkiego. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2012. Grzegorz, Pac. “The Armenian Community in Medieval Poland.” Acta Poloniae Historica 98 (2008): 79–100. Harutyunyan, Varazdat. “The Code of Smbat and the Tradition of Armenian Law.” Journal of Social Sciences of Musa Anter 4 (2016): 123–142. Heyde, Jürgen. “Migration and Ethnicity in Medieval Poland: “Ethnic Markers” in historical perspective.” In Imaginations and Configurations of Polish Society: From the Middle Ages through the 20th Century, edited by Yvonne Kleinmann, Jürgen Heyde, Dietlind Hüchtker, Dobrochna Kałwa, Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov, Katrin Steffen and Tomasz Wiślicz, 85–108. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2017. Heyde, Jürgen. “Multiethnizität, Stadtrecht, Stadt. Lemberg im späten Mittelalter.“ Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio F – Historia 72 (2017): 95–119. Kieniewicz, Stefan. Studia nad statutami Kazimierza Wielkiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1964 Monumenta Poloniae Historica Vol. IV, edited by Władysław Konopczyński. Cracoviae: Academia Litterarum Cracoviensis, 1949. Nadel-Golobič, Eleonora. “Armenians and Jews in Medieval Lvov. Their Role in Oriental Trade 1400-1600.” Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique 20, No. ¾ (1979): 345–388. Oleś, Mariana. “Casimir The Great and The Armenian Privileges, 1333-1370.” Études Slaves et Est-Européennes/Slavic and East-European Studies 11, No. ¾ (1966/67): 37–90. Quirini-Popławska, Danuta. “The Diplomacy of Casimir the Great in the Light of Recent Research.” Kwartalnik Historyczny (Historical Quarterly) 119, No. 1 (2012): 7–37. Shemmassian, Vahram. “The Concept of Law in Datastanagirk‘: An Overview.” Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 22 (2013): 149–174. Stone, Michael E. “The Armenian Communities in Poland and Lithuania during the 14th to 16th Centuries.” Armenian Review 28, No. 3 (1975): 187–220. Tolan, John. “What do Legal Sources Tell Us about Social Practice? Possibilities and Limits.” In Law and Religious Minorities in Medieval Societies Between Theory and Praxis, edited by Ana Echevarria, Juan Pedro Monferrer-Sala, John Tolan, 229–233. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. Vago, Steven, and Steven Barkan. Law and Society. London: Routledge, 2018.