Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Impacts and Future Challenges of Photovoltaic Integration with Examples from a Tunisian Case

The challenges of global warming and other environmental concerns have prompted governments worldwide to transition from fossil-fuel vehicles to low-emission electric vehicles (EVs). The energy crisis, coupled with environmental issues like air pollution and climate change, has been a driving force behind the development of EVs. In recent years, EVs have emerged as one of the most innovative and vital advancements in clean transportation. According to recent reports, EVs are gradually replacing traditional automobiles, offering benefits such as pollution reduction and the conservation of natural resources. This research focuses on analyzing and reviewing the impact of EV integration on electrical networks, with particular attention to photovoltaic (PV) energy as a sustainable charging solution. It examines both current and anticipated challenges, especially those related to power quality, harmonics, and voltage imbalance. A special emphasis is placed on Tunisia, a country with high solar energy potential and increasing interest in EV deployment. By exploring the technical and infrastructural readiness of Tunisia for PV-based EV charging systems, this paper aims to inform regional strategies and contribute to the broader goal of sustainable energy integration in developing countries as part of future work.