Over-the-Counter (OTC) Analgesics in Dentistry: Patterns of Use, Safety, and Efficacy

Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are commonly used for the initial management of dental pain due to their accessibility and fast-acting relief. In dentistry, medications such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, and aspirin are frequently recommended for conditions ranging from toothache to postoperative discomfort and minor oral infections. These drugs are favored for their proven pharmacokinetics, including rapid onset and high oral bioavailability, making them valuable tools for both clinicians and patients. In addition to pharmacological treatments, non-drug adjuncts like cold therapy and chlorhexidine mouthwash are also employed to manage symptoms. However, the ease of access to OTC medications has led to challenges such as overuse, unsupervised consumption, drug interactions, and potential adverse effects, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review explores current trends in the use of OTC analgesics within dental practice, evaluates their mechanisms of action and clinical effectiveness, and addresses concerns surrounding their safe use. By examining these factors, the paper aims to highlight the therapeutic benefits and potential risks associated with self-medication practices in dental pain management. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of increased patient education and professional oversight to ensure safe, effective, and evidence-based use of these common analgesics, thereby reducing health hazards and improving overall outcomes in dental care.